【上位】 cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue" 変化させる。変える。変形を引き起こす。
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【下位】 reduce in worth or character, usually verbally; "She tends to put down younger women colleagues"; "His critics took him down after the lecture" 通常、言葉で価値または地位を下げる。
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【下位】 humiliate or depress completely; "She was crushed by his refusal of her invitation"; "The death of her son smashed her" 恥をかかせるか、完全に落ち込ませる。
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marked by meekness or modesty; not arrogant or prideful; "a humble apology"; "essentially humble...and self-effacing, he achieved the highest formal honors and distinctions"- B.K.Malinowski 柔和さまたは謙虚さによって特徴付けられる。横柄でないまたは傲慢でない。
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