【上位】 the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect); "the writing in her novels is excellent"; "that editorial was a fine piece of writing" 書き手による作。文字で表現されたものすべて（特に、表現スタイルと効果の観点から考慮される時に）。
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【上位】 earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something; "made an effort to cover all the reading material"; "wished him luck in his endeavor"; "she gave it a good try" 何かをしよう、または達成しようとするまじめで良心的な行動。
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make an effort or attempt; "He tried to shake off his fears"; "The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps"; "The police attempted to stop the thief"; "He sought to improve himself"; "She always seeks to do good in the world" 努力する、または試みる。
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【上位】 perform an action, or work out or perform (an action); "think before you act"; "We must move quickly"; "The governor should act on the new energy bill"; "The nanny acted quickly by grabbing the toddler and covering him with a wet towel" 行動を実行する、うまく乗り切る、（行動を）遂行する。
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【下位】 make a strenuous or labored effort; "She struggled for years to survive without welfare"; "He fought for breath" 懸命であるか非常な努力をする。
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【下位】 expose to a chance of loss or damage; "We risked losing a lot of money in this venture"; "Why risk your life?"; "She laid her job on the line when she told the boss that he was wrong" 損失、または損害の可能性にさらされる。
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【下位】 take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome; "When you buy these stocks you are gambling" 良好な結果を願って危険を冒す。
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【下位】 search blindly or uncertainly; "His mind groped to make the connection" やみくもに、または不確実に捜す。
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【下位】 make an attempt at something; "I never sat on a horse before but I'll give it a go" あることを試みる。
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【下位】 be dared to do something and attempt it あえて何かをさせた、あるいは何かを試みさせた。
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put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" 品質のための試験を行うまたは実験的使用を試みる。
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【上位】 form a critical opinion of; "I cannot judge some works of modern art"; "How do you evaluate this grant proposal?" "We shouldn't pass judgment on other people" 批判的な意見を形成する。
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【下位】 check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard; "Are you controlling for the temperature?" 並列実験を行なうか、別の基準と比較することにより、（科学実験を）確認、または調整する。
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