an association between organisms that is harmful to one of them or between organisms and a metabolic product of another 有機体の間のそれらの1つか有機体と別のものの代謝産物の間で有害な協会。
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【上位】 (ecology) a group of organisms (plants and animals) that live together in a certain geographical region and constitute a community with a few dominant species ある一定の地理的領域に共存し、いくつかの優占種で共同体を構成する有機体（動植物）のグループ。
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